- Soil requirements: Mullein seeds prefer well-drained, sandy or loamy soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 7.5. They can tolerate poor soil conditions but thrive best in nutrient-rich soil.
- Sunlight needs: Mullein plants require full sun to partial shade. They grow best in areas that receive at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
- Watering requirements: Mullein plants are drought-tolerant and require moderate watering. Water the plants deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between watering sessions. Overwatering can lead to root rot.
- Planting season: The best time to plant mullein seeds is in the spring or fall. Planting in early spring allows the seeds to establish before the summer heat, while fall planting gives them a head start for the next growing season.
- Depth and spacing: Sow mullein seeds on the soil surface or lightly cover them with a thin layer of soil, about 1/8 inch deep. Space the seeds or seedlings about 18 to 24 inches apart to allow for adequate growth and air circulation.
- Germination time: Mullein seeds typically germinate within 14 to 21 days under optimal conditions. Ensure the soil remains moist but not waterlogged during the germination period.
- Maturity time: Mullein plants usually reach maturity within 2 years. The first year is primarily for leaf growth, while the second year is when the plant flowers and produces seeds.
- Harvesting time: The best time to harvest mullein leaves is in the morning after the dew has dried but before the heat of the day. Flowers can be harvested as they bloom, and seeds can be collected once the seed pods have dried and turned brown.
- Harvesting tips: Use sharp scissors or pruning shears to harvest leaves and flowers. For seeds, cut the seed stalks and place them in a paper bag to dry. Once dry, shake the bag to release the seeds. Store harvested seeds in a cool, dry place in an airtight container.